PURINE METABOLISM DISORDERS AS A PREDICTOR OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN THE POPULATION

Abstract

To determine the significance of hyperuricemia (HU) as a predictor of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in apparently healthy (according to epidemiological criteria) individuals, an analysis of the relationship between elevated uric acid (UA) in the blood and all components of the metabolic syndrome (MS) was performed in randomized population samples. Material and methods. The reporting panel was formed according to the generally accepted epidemiological approach by the randomized sampling of the workers and employees of the industrial enterprise (n = 727 people). The age of the subjects ranged from 18 to 65 years; the average age was (38.13 ± 5.1) years. MS was confirmed by the IDF criteria. The glucose homeostasis condition was assessed according to the ADA recommendations. The purine metabolites were studied by the S. V. Oreshnikov et al. method (2008). The levels of uric acid were determined by the colorimetric method, xanthine oxidase activity by the photometric method. Anthropometric parameters, glycemia, immunoreactive insulin, blood lipid profile were studied, blood pressure was measured. Results and their discussion. In a random population sample, impaired glucose homeostasis was diagnosed in 11.8 % of subjects (including those with type 2 diabetes in 3.03 % cases, impaired glucose tolerance 6.50 %, fasting hyperglycemia 0.96 %, respectively). It was found that for each diagnosed earlier patient with type 2 diabetes, about three cases of type 2 diabetes de novo (ratio 1 : 2.75) are revealed, which confirms the feasibility of more active screening of the population for type 2 DM. Asymptomatic hyperuricemia was diagnosed in 16.2 % of the examined subjects. Positive statistically significant linear associations of the concentration of purine metabolism intermediates among them and UA with xanthine oxidase activity indicate a predominantly metabolic nature of hyperuricemia in the subjects of the randomized sample. The relative risk of impaired glucose homeostasis in subjects with established hyperuricemia is found to be 5.09 (95 % CI (3.82–6.79), type 2 diabetes 3.7 (95 % CI (2.28–6.02) Among all components of MS, the statistical value of hyperuricemia as a risk factor is the most significant for the disorders of glucose homeostasis (type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (CA = 0.64).