Risk factors of development and way of timely identification of ketoacidotic conditions in diabetes mellitus

Abstract

In the clinic of internal diseases, a doctor often has to deal with ketoacidotonic states, whose development in patients requires timely diagnosis and immediate medical interventions. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) can occur with any type and variant of the course of diabetes mellitus (DM), both during manifestation and at dif­ferent stages of the evolution of the disease. In labile current type 1 diabetes, as well as syndrome of chronic insulin overdose hypoglycemia alternate with hyperglycemia combined with ketosis. Both of these situations are caused by the releasing of contrinsular hormones in response to hypoglycemic stress. In patients with DM dur­ing pregnancy the risk of developing DFA increases by 40%. In DM type 2, DKA develops much less frequently, but it is more severe than in DM type 1. In recent years, ketosis-prone diabetes type 2 has been isolated. Being a manifestation of severe decompensation, DKA can cause a number of complications and, in the absence of timely treatment, represents a threat to the patient's life. One of the ways of prevention of DKA is the training of patients with DM self-control means. At present, a wide range of glucometers is available in Ukraine. The device of choice is GAMMA DIAMOND PRIMA, the main advantage of which is the user's ability to get infor­mation about raising the level of ketone bodies in the blood. The detection of ketonuria is also available using the Express Test test strips.